100-30 mln B.C.
Sub continental climate and environment of Surkhandarya Province was conducive to appearing man’s sites here from the ancient times. Caves and gorges in Baysuntau and Kugitantau mountains included to Southern Hissar mountain ranges served as dwellings for primitive people.
The most ancient settlement of Neanderthal man on the territory of the region is Teshiktash cave in Baysuntau mountains which relates to the Middle Stone Age, that’s 100-40 millennium B.C. About 3000 cutters, grindstones and choppers like microlith stone made by primitive men were found here.
Finding a skeleton from Teshiktash cave as a very considerable material source for restoration of primitive man’s appearance is very important.
Amir Temur cave in Baysun belongs to a group of the most ancient cave dwellings in the region.
To the upper period of the Stone Age (140-12 mln B.C.) banks of the rivers and streams (Tupalang riverside) were rapidly assimilated. In the Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age, 12-5 mln B.C.) people used to live not only in the caves but also started building dwellings living in the lowlands and riversides. That’s why numerous stone implements were met in the Old Termez and Ayrtam monuments of the province.
Arrow, bow, bone awls etc. were invented, implements had been made, small stone implements increased and wide animals started being domesticated in this period. Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic) is the era of development of people’s imagination and beliefs.
